Cerebral arterial pulsation drives paravascular CSF-interstitial fluid exchange in the murine brain

Iliff JJ, Wang M, Zeppenfeld DM, Venkataraman A, Plog BA, Liao Y, Deane R, Nedergaard M J. Neurosci. 2013 Nov;33(46):18190-9 PMID: 24227727 Abstract CSF from the subarachnoid space moves rapidly into the brain along paravascular routes surrounding penetrating cerebral arteries, …  

Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain

Xie L, Kang H, Xu Q, Chen MJ, Liao Y, Thiyagarajan M, O’Donnell J, Christensen DJ, Nicholson C, Iliff JJ, Takano T, Deane R, Nedergaard M Science 2013 Oct;342(6156):373-7 PMID: 24136970 Abstract The conservation of sleep across all animal species …  

Brain-wide pathway for waste clearance captured by contrast-enhanced MRI

Iliff JJ, Lee H, Yu M, Feng T, Logan J, Nedergaard M, Benveniste H J. Clin. Invest. 2013 Mar;123(3):1299-309 PMID: 23434588 Abstract The glymphatic system is a recently defined brain-wide paravascular pathway for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) …  

A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid ?

Iliff JJ, Wang M, Liao Y, Plogg BA, Peng W, Gundersen GA, Benveniste H, Vates GE, Deane R, Goldman SA, Nagelhus EA, Nedergaard M Sci Transl Med 2012 Aug;4(147):147ra111 PMID: 22896675 Abstract Because it lacks a lymphatic circulation, the brain …  

Patient-Specific 3D Simulation of Cyclic CSF Flow at the Craniocervical Region

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Hydrocephalus and aquaporins: lessons learned from the bench

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Phantom Model of Physiologic Intracranial Pressure and Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics

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A Clue to the Etiology of Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus?

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Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus May Be a “Two Hit” Disease: Benign External Hydrocephalus in Infancy Followed by Deep White Matter Ischemia in Late Adulthood

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New Findings and Thoughts on Etiology

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Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus: Evaluation Measurements with Cerebrospinal Fluid at MR Imaging

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A Consensus on the Classification of Hydrocephalus: Its Utility in the Assessment of Abnormalities of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics

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Perivascular drainage of solutes is impaired in the ageing mouse brain and in the presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Hawkes CA, Härtig W, Kacza J, Schliebs R, Weller RO, Nicoll JA, Carare RO Acta Neuropathol. 2011 Apr;121(4):431-43 PMID: 21259015 Abstract The deposition of amyloid-? (A?) peptides in the walls of leptomeningeal and cortical blood vessels as cerebral amyloid angiopathy …  

The Importance of the Cortical Subarachnoid Space in Understanding Hydrocephalus

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Perivascular drainage of amyloid-beta peptides from the brain and its failure in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer’s disease

Weller RO, Subash M, Preston SD, Mazanti I, Carare RO Brain Pathol. 2008 Apr;18(2):253-66 PMID: 18363936 Abstract Alzheimer’s disease is the commonest dementia. One major characteristic of its pathology is accumulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) as insoluble deposits in brain parenchyma …  

Solutes, but not cells, drain from the brain parenchyma along basement membranes of capillaries and arteries: significance for cerebral amyloid angiopathy and neuroimmunology

Carare RO, Bernardes-Silva M, Newman TA, Page AM, Nicoll JA, Perry VH, Weller RO Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 2008 Apr;34(2):131-44 PMID: 18208483 Abstract Elimination of interstitial fluid and solutes plays a role in homeostasis in the brain, but the pathways are …  

Drainage of brain extracellular fluid into blood and deep cervical lymph and its immunological significance

Cserr HF, Harling-Berg CJ, Knopf PM Brain Pathol. 1992 Oct;2(4):269-76 PMID: 1341962 Abstract Cerebral extracellular fluids drain from brain to blood across the arachnoid villi and to lymph along certain cranial nerves (primarily olfactory) and spinal nerve root ganglia. Quantification …  

Distribution of extracellular tracers in perivascular spaces of the rat brain

Ichimura T, Fraser PA, Cserr HF Brain Res. 1991 Apr;545(1-2):103-13 PMID: 1713524 Abstract Large molecular weight tracers (india ink or albumin labeled with colloidal gold, Evans blue or rhodamine) were micro-injected into the perivascular space of an artery or vein …